1. (α) The Merck Index: “Carbon Monoxide”, 12th ed., p.1860. (β) Wikipedia: “Carbon monoxide“. (γ) science.jrank.org: “Carbon Monoxide – History“. (δ) Lascaratos JG, Marketos SG: “The carbon monoxide poisoning of two Byzantine emperors”, J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 36(1-2):103-107, 1998 (PubMed).
2. (α) Weinstock B, Niki H: “Carbon Monoxide Balance in Nature“, Science 176(4032):290-292, 1972. (β) University of Toronto, Physics Dept. “Measurement Of the Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT)“. (γ) Canadian Space Agency: “Measuring Atmospheric Pollutants“.
3. (α) Thompson M: “Carbon Monoxide“, in Bristol University, Chemical Department webpage: “The molecule of the month“. (β) Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A: “Chemistry of the Elements”, Pergamon Press, 1st ed. 1984, σελ. 325-329, 349-351. (γ) Κατάκης Δ, Μεθενίτης Κ, Μητσοπούλου Χ, Πνευματικάκης Γ: “Ανόργανη Χημεία Β’: Τα στοιχεία”, Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση 2002, σελ. 172-176. (δ) Cohen Tervaert DG: “Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Blood“, Biochem J 19(2):300-303, 1925. (ε) Martinek MJ, Marti WC: “Modified Iodine-Pentoxide Method for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide in Air and Blood”, American Journal of Public Health 19(3):293-298, 1928 (αρχείο PDF, 909 KB).
4. (α) www.chem-guide.blogspot.com: “Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of carbon monoxide“. (β) Universität Siegen: “4.4.14 Production of Carbon Monoxide“. (γ) Mattson B (Creighton University): “Microscale Gas Chemistry: Experiments with Carbon Monoxide“.
5. (α) Wikipedia: “Mond process“. (β) TodayInSci.com: “The late Dr. Ludwig Mond“.
6. (α) Schöniger W: “Chemical multiplication of carbon dioxide: Preliminary communications”, Microchem. J. 11:469, 1966. (β) Belcher R: “Amplification Reactions”, Talanta 15:357-366, 1968. (γ) Davies DH: “A review of non-gravimetric methods of determining carbon dioxide and monoxide”, Talanta 16:1055-1065, 1969.
7. (α) Βαλαβανίδης Α: “Βασικές Αρχές Υγιεινής και Ασφάλειας σε Χημικά και Βιοχημικά Εργαστήρια. Πληροφορίες για επικίνδυνες χημικές ουσίες“, Εκδόση Τμήματος Χημείας , Παν/μιο Αθηνών, 2008. (β) Αττά – Πολίτου Τζ. (Πανεπ. Αθηνών, Τμ. Χημείας): “Σημειώσεις μαθήματος ‘Εισαγωγή στην Τοξικολογία’: Τοξικά αέρια και διαλύτες” (αρχείο PDF, 258 KB). (γ) ICHEM (International Programme on Chemical Safety): “Carbon Monoxide“. (δ) Bruce EN, Bruce MC : “A multicompartment model of carboxyhemoglobin and carboxymyoglobin responses to inhalation of carbon monoxide“, Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(3):1235-1247, 2003. (ε) The Merck Manual: “Carbon Monoxide Poisoning“. (στ) Bailey R (About.com): “Carbon monoxide (CO)“.
8. (α) Casiday R, Frey R: “Hemoglobin and the Heme Group: Metal Complexes in the Blood for Oxygen Transport – An Inorganic Synthesis Experiment“, Dept. of Chemistry, Washington University. (β) University of Arizona, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics: “Biochemistry 462a: Purification and Characterization” (φάσμα από: Stryer, Biochemistry, 4th ed., 1995). (γ) Ιωαννίδου Ε (Μονάδα Εντατ. Θεραπείας ΚΑΤ): “Παλμική Οξυμετρία Καπνογραφία” (παρουσίαση Power Point, 4,89 MB). (δ) Nilson D, Partridge R, Suner S, Jay G: “Non-invasive carboxyhemoglobin monitoring: screening emergency medical services patients for carbon monoxide exposure”, Prehosp Disaster Med. 25(3):253-256, 2010 (αρχείο PDF, 201 KB).
9. (α) Wikipedia: “Carbon monoxide detector”. (β) Black A (HowStuffWorks.com): “How Carbon Monoxide Detectors Work“. (γ) ColeParmer.com: “The Theory Behind Carbon Monoxide Electrochemical Sensors“. (δ) International Sensors Technology: “Chapter 2: Electrochemical Sensors” (αρχείο PDF, 183 ΚΒ). (ε) International Sensors Technology: “Chapter 4: Solid State Detectors” (αρχείο PDF, 164 MB).
10. (α) Light A, Grass C, Pursley D, Krause J: “Carboxyhemoglobin levels in smokers vs. non-smokers in a smoking environment“, Respiratory Care, Open Forum Abstracts, 2007. (β) LiveStrong.com, Jones C: “Smoking & Carboxyhemoglobin“. (γ) Adams KF, Koch G, Chatterjee B, Goldstein GM, O’Neil JJ, Bromberg PA, Sheps DS: “Acute elevation of blood carboxyhemoglobin to 6% impairs exercise performance and aggravates symptoms in patients with ischemic heart disease”, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 12(4): 900-909, 1988 (Abstract). (δ) Piantadosi CA: “Carbon Monoxide, Reactive Oxygen Signaling, and Oxidative Stres“, Free Radic Biol Med. 45(5):562-569, 2008. (ε) Beycock M: “Carbon Monoxide“, The Encyclopedia of Earth, 2011. (στ) Wikipedia: “Carboxyhemoglobin“. (ζ) Light A, Grass C, Pursley D, Krause J: “Carboxyhemoglobin Levels in Smokers vs. Non-Smokers in a Smoking Environment“, Respiratory Care, 2007 Open Forum Abstracts.
11. (α) Stewart BD. The effect of carbon monoxide on humans. Annu Rev Pharmacol 15:409-429, 1975 (Abstract). (β) Turino GM: “Effect of carbon monoxide on the cardiorespiratory system. Carbon monoxide toxicity, physiology and biochemistry“, Circulation 63:253A-259A, 1981. (γ) Zevin S, Saunders S, Gourlay SG, Jacob P, Benowitz NL: “Cardiovascular effects of carbon monoxide and cigarette smoking“, J Am Coll Cardiol 38:1633-1638, 2001. (δ) Piantadosi CA: “Biological chemistry of carbon monoxide”, Antiox Redox Signal 4:259-270, 2002 (PubMed). (ε) Zuckerbraun BS, Chin BY, Bilban M, Costa d’ Avila J, Rao J, Billiar TR, Otterbein LE: “Carbon monoxide signals via inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species“, The FASEB Journal 21:1099-1106, 2007. (στ) Prockop LD, Chichkova RI . “Carbon monoxide intoxication: an updated review”. J Neurol Sci 262(1-2): 122-130, 2007 (αρχείο PDF, 1,0 MB). (ζ) Bauer I, Pannen BHJ: “Bench-to bedside review: Carbon monoxide – from mitochondrial poisoning to therapeutic use“, Crit Care 13(4):220, 2009. (η) Smidt R, Ryan H, Hoetzel A: “Carbon monoxide-Toxicity of low-dose application”, Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2012 (PubMed).
12. (α) Stevens CF, Wang Y: “Reversal of long-term potentiation by inhibitors of haem oxygenase”, Nature 364(6433):147-149, 1993 (PubMed). (β) Johnson RA, Johnson FK: “The effects of carbon monoxide as a neurotransmitter”, Curr Opin Neurol. 13(6):709-713, 2000 (PubMed). (γ) Ryter SW, Alam J, Choi AMK: “Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide: From Basic Science to Therapeutic Applications“, Physiol Rev April 86(2):583-650, 2006.
13. (α) Deryck Damian Pattron DD: “Carbon Monoxide Packaging of Meats May Mask Spoilage & Compromise Public Health Safety”, Internet Journal of Food Safety 9:49-51, 2007 (αρχείο PDF, 40 ΚΒ). (β) Weiss R: “FDA Is Urged to Ban Carbon-Monoxide-Treated Meat“, Washington Post Staff, February 20, 2006. (γ) Schmit J: “Carbon monoxide keeps meat red longer; is that good?“, USA TODAY, October 30, 2007. (δ) American Meat Institute: “Carbon Monoxide in Meat Packaging: Myths and Facts” 2008 (αρχείο PDF, 141 KB).