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1. (α) Wikipedia: “Nitroglycerin“. (β) International Program for Chemical Safety (ICHEM): “Nitroglycerin“. (γ) United States Department of Labor: Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Nitroglycerin. (δ) Bristol University, Dept. of Chemistry, Cotton S: “Molecule of the month: Nitroglycerin“.

2. (α) Lemmel B: “Alfred Nobel’s Industrial Activities in Vinterviken” (NobelPrize.org). (β) Lemmel B: “Alfred Nobel in Krümmel” (NobelPrize.org). (γ) Technology in Australia 1788-1988: “Explosives“, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, 2000. (δ) Clements J: “Ardeer Factory: The Factory near Stevenston“. (ε) J. Graves GJ: “Nitroglycerine!“, Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum. (στ) Transcontinental Railroad Home (Linda Hall Library): “The Use of Black Powder and Nitroglycerine on the Transcontinental Railroad“.

3. On Line Encyclopedia: “C3H NITROGLYCERIN“.

4. (α) Wikipedia “Nobel Prize“. (β) NobelPrize.org: “Alfred Nobel’s Will“. (γ) National Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Center: “Birthday of Alfred Nobel (21st October 1833)“.
5. (α) Medpedia “Nitroglycerin“. (β) Smith E, Hart D: “William Murrell, Physician and Practical Therapist”, British Medical Journal 3:632-633, 1971 (αρχείο PDF, 469 KB). (γ) Bruce Fye W: “Profiles in Cardiology: William Murrell”, Clin. Cardiol. 18:426-427, 1995 (αρχείο PDF, 235 KB). (δ) Bauer JA, Fung H-L: “Arterial Versus Venous Metabolism of Nitroglycerin to Nitric Oxide: A Possible Explanation of Organic Nitrate Venoselectivity“, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 28(3):371-374, 1996. (ε) Hagan P: “How dynamite could help destroy prostate cancer“, Daily Mail, February 22, 2010. (στ) EmaxHealth.com, Mitchell D: “Could Nitroglycerin Stop Prostate Cancer?“, February 2010.

1. (α) Merck Index, 12th ed, σελ. 836 (hypochlorous acid) και 1478 (sodium hypochlorite). (β) Wikipedia: “Hypochlorous acid“. (γ) Wikipedia: “Sodium hypochlorite“.

2. (α) May P, Univeristy of Bristol: “Molecule of the month: Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)“. (β) www.chemicalland21.com: “Sodium hypochlorite“. (γ) TPS: “Chlorine will Sanitize and Oxidize“. (δ) Robson HL (Mathieson Chemical Corp.): “Stable Lithium Hypochlorite Composition“, United States Patent Office, Patent 2,590,794, Mar. 25, 1952.

3. Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A: “Chemistry of the Elements”, Pergamon Press, 1st ed. 1984, σελ. 991, 1004. (β) Κατάκης Δ, Μεθενίτης Κ, Μητσοπούλου Χ, Πνευματικάκης Γ: “Ανόργανη Χημεία Β’: Τα στοιχεία”, Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση 2002, σελ. 58-60. (γ) Argüello-García R, Medina-Campos ON, Pérez-Hernández N, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Ortega-Pierres G: “Hypochlorous Acid Scavenging Activities of Thioallyl Compounds from Garlic”, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:11226-11233, 2010 (αρχείο PDF, 867 KB). (γ) Vogel AI: “A Text-Book of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Analysis”, Longmans, 4th ed., p.351-352.

4. (α) ePlantScience.com (An Online Botanical Encyclopedia): “Determination of Available Chlorine in Bleaching Powder“. (β) Oklahoma Baptist University (online material for students): “Determination of Sodium Hypochlorite Levels in Bleach” (αρχείο PDF file, 200 KB). (γ) New Mexico Tech (CHEM 311L, Quantitative Analysis Laboratory): “A Volumetric Analysis (Redox Titration) of Hypochlorite in Bleach”, (αρχείο PDF file, 55 KB).

5. (α) Solvay Chemicals International SA: “Product Characteristics: Sodium hypochlorite – Stability”, May 2005 (αρχείο PDF, 32 KB). (β) Smart news from Aqua Smart, Inc.: “Sodium hypochlorite stability”, Vol. 1(2), May, 2001 (αρχειο PDF, 712 KB). (γ) Odyssey Manufacturing Co.: “Sodium Hypochlorite: General Information for the Consumer” (Revised 7/20/07) (αρχείο PDF, 185 KB). (δ) Lister MW: “The Decomposition of Hypochlorous Acid”, Canadian Journal of Chemistry 30:879-889, 1952 (αρχείο PDF, 302 KB). (ε)Lister MW: “Decomposition of Sodium Hypochlorite: The Uncatalyzed Reaction”, Canadian Journal of Chemistry 34:465-478, 1956 (αρχείο PDF, 510 KB).
6. (α) Stevens RV, Chapman ΚΤ, Weller ΗΝ: “Convenient and Inexpensive Procedure for Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols to Ketones”, J. Org. Chem. 45:2030-2032, 1980 (αρχείο PDF, 460 KB). (β) Organic Chemistry Portal: “Oxidizing Agents: Sodium Hypochlorite, Bleach, NaOCl“.

7. (α) About.com (Chemistry), Helmenstine A-M: “Dangerous Household Chemicals: Common Household Chemicals That May Be Dangerous“. (β) Jones FL: “Chlorine Poisoning From Mixing Household Cleaners“, The Journal of the American Medical Association 222(10):1312, 1972.

8. (α) www.lenntech.com (water treatment solutions): “Disinfectants Chloramines“. (β) McKenna SM,Davies KJA: “The inhibition of bacterial growth by hypochlorous acid. Possible role in the bactericidal activity of phagocytes”, Biochem. J. 254:685-692, 1988 (αρχείο PDF, 1,33 MB). (γ) Hazen SL, d’Avignon A, Anderson MM, Hsu FF, Heineckei JW: “Human Neutrophils Employ the Myeloperoxidase-Hydrogen Peroxide-Chloride System to Oxidize a-Amino Acids to a Family of Reactive Aldehydes“, The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(9):4997-5005, 1998. (δ) Wang L, Bassiri M, Najafi R, Najafi K, Yang J, Khosrovi B, Hwong W, Barati E, Belisle B, Celeri C, Robson MC: “Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Wound Care Agent Part I. Stabilized Hypochlorous Acid: A Component of the Inorganic Armamentarium of Innate Immunity”, J Burns Wounds (Published online 2007 April 11) (αρχείο PDF, 286 KB).

9. (α) Παπαδόπουλος Χρ.Α., Πετρίδης Ν.: “Τοξικότητα του διαλύματος υποχλωριώδους νατρίου στην ενδοδοντική θεραπεία” (άρθρο ανασκόπησης), Στοματολογία 64(2):43-49, 2007 (αρχείο PDF, 91 KB). (β) CheckDent.com: “Sodium Hypochlorite Usage in Root Canal Treatment“. (γ) Estrela C, Estrela CRA, Barbin EL, Spano JCE, Marchesan MA, Pecora, JD: “Mechanism of Action of Sodium Hypochlorite“, Braz Dent J 13(2):113-117, 2002. (δ) Kaufman AY, Keila S: “Hypersensitivity to sodium hypochlorite”, Journal of Endodontics 15(5):224-226, 1989 (abstract). (ε) Hülsmann M, Hahn W: “REVIEW: Complications during root canal irrigation – literature review and case reports”, International Endodontic Journal 33:186-193, 2000 (αρχείο PDF, 560 KB).