Emerge: come out
Combine: unite with
Dominate: have control over
Regain: get back
Seaboard: coast
Turbulent: chaotic, disordered
at the expense of: to the detriment of
Alliance: politics: coalition
Scale: size, dimension
Naval: of the navy
Artillery: heavy weapons
Papal: relating to the office of Pope
Authority: power
Monasticism: austere lifestyle of a monk
Reform: improve
Assert: insist on: rights, etc.
Confine: restrict, limit
Lay: not religious
Elaborate: ornate, showy
Secular: not religious
Flourishing: successful
Community: the people living in one particular area
Found: set up, establish
Canon: church minister
Manned: staffed
Friar: monk
Withdraw: draw away
Preach: to give a religious speech
Wool: sheep coat
Export: goods sent for sale abroad
Hide: leather, skin
Grain: cereal crop
Hay: dried grass
Warfare: war, combat
Perch: to be in a high position or in a position near the edge of something, or to put something in this position
Grandeur: majesty, splendor
Complex: group of buildings
Execute sb: punish by death
Troops: soldiers
