Inquiry-based learning (also enquiry-based learning in British English)^[1] is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path to knowledge. The process is often assisted by a facilitator. Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions to develop their knowledge or solutions. Inquiry-based learning includes problem-based learning, and is generally used in small scale investigations and projects, as well as research.^[2] The inquiry-based instruction is principally very closely related to the development and practice of thinking skills.^{[3]     (}Source: Wikipedia)

More reading:

1. CBS_InquiryBased
2. Bringing inquiry-based science teaching in Europe: http://Bringing inquiry-based science teaching to the classroom