Conquer sb/sth: defeat
Millennium: period of 1000 years
Invade a country: enter with hostility
Defeat: win
Independence: freedom
Dowry: bride’s money, goods
Compromise: reach agreement by negotiating
Dominance: domination, control of
Merge: become one
Dissolve: break down
Prosperity: economic success
The Enlightenment: 18th century: power of reason
Devolve: delegate: duty, power
Stronghold: fortress
Scant: little
Cede: give sth over
Residence: home
Submission: the act of allowing someone or something to have power over you
Ravage: damage, devastate
Retain: keep
Jurisdiction: judicial power
Besiege: surround
Outcrop: geology: projecting rock
Basalt: type of hard rock
Formidable: impressive, awe-inspiring
Slope: ground with an incline
Erosion: rock, soil: wearing away
Jagged: edge, saw-like
Chunk: large piece
Glacier: mass of ice
Hewn: shaped
