blue bike
μπλε ποδήλατο
or bicycle
Γ′ τάξη
• What is the capital city of Ghana?
• How many languages are spoken in Ghana?
Δ′ τάξη
• What is the name of the spicy tomato-based stew often served with rice or yams in Ghana?
• What material is commonly used to make statues in Ghana, known for its durability and cultural significance?
A type of traditional Ghanaian statue often carved to represent ancestors or spirits is called an “Akuaba doll.”
Μαζί με τον παρακάτω μονόλογο και το ερωτηματολόγιο, δείτε και την άσκηση 4, σελ. 78,
στο βιβλίο εργασιών Magic Book 2 (A1 Level Activity Book) της Γ′ τάξης.
Hello, I’m the Minotaur!
I’m a big, scary monster. I look like a mix of a bull and a man. Imagine a big bull with a man’s body, that’s me! And guess what? I live in a giant maze called “labyrinth.”
Now, I know what you’re thinking. “Why are you so scary, Mr Minotaur?” Well, it’s because people don’t understand me. They get scared when they see me because I look different. But deep down, I’m just like anyone else. I get lonely in my maze sometimes.
But here’s the thing—I don’t want to be scary. I just want friends. So, if you ever find yourself in my labyrinth, don’t be afraid. Just remember, I’m not a bad monster, I’m just a little lost. Maybe you can help me find my way out of the maze and into friendship.
Quiz
1. Why do people get scared when they see the Minotaur?
a. Because he is mean
b. Because he lives in a maze
c. Because he looks different
d. Because he has friends
2. Where does the Minotaur live?
a. In a castle
b. In a forest
c. In a labyrinth
d. In a school
3. What does the Minotaur want the most?
a. To be scary
b. To have friends
c. To be lost
d. To be mean
4. How does the Minotaur feel in his maze?
a. Excited
b. Lonely
c. Happy
d. Brave
5. What does the Minotaur ask for from those who enter his labyrinth?
a. To fight him
b. To be afraid
c. To help him find his way out
d. To be mean
A long time ago, William Shakespeare wrote plays and talked about how people feel inside. Even though he didn’t use the word “depression” like we do today, some of his characters felt really sad and worried, kind of like how people with depression might feel nowadays.
Hamlet
“I feel really sad and confused about life. Sometimes, I talk to myself about why everything is so hard. I am struggling with my feelings and what I should do.”
Ophelia
“I’m a kind and gentle girl who loves Hamlet. My family tells me to stop seeing him. I feel a lot of sadness and confusion inside.”
King Lear
“I’m a king who’s getting older. I want to give my kingdom away. My daughters aren’t being very nice to me, and it makes me sad. Sometimes, I feel really upset and don’t know what to do.”
Macbeth
“I’m a brave warrior who wants to become king. Three witches have told me I will; I’m obsessed now! With my wife’s help, I did something horrible. I feel terribly guilty and scared.”
So, even though Shakespeare didn’t know about depression the way we do now, he wrote about people feeling down and out, which helps us understand emotions better, even today.
Watching or reading these plays can make us feel better, like when we watch a movie that helps us forget our problems for a while. And sometimes, thinking about how the characters in the stories overcome their challenges can give us hope that things will get better for us, too.
It’s important to remember that if we’re feeling really sad or upset, it’s okay to talk to grown-ups we trust. They can help!
Richard III
Βλ. και Pupil’s Book:
Ε′ τάξη, σελ. 86 και 145,
ΣΤ′ τάξη, σελ. 34.
Richard III, the Duke of Gloucester, is the protagonist of the play of the same name, Richard III. He is known for his physical deformities, including a hunched back and a withered arm, and his ambition to seize the throne of England. In the following passage, Richard reflects on his own physical appearance and how it affects his self-esteem and confidence.
Passage from Richard III (adapted for children)
Act 1, Scene 1
I am not like those who are good at playing games,
Or those who love to look at themselves in mirrors.
I feel rough and unattractive, and I don’t have the confidence
To show off in front of someone I admire.
Act 1, Scene 2
In this peaceful time, I find no joy
Except to see my shadow in the sun
And think about my own differences.
Because I cannot be popular,
I will choose to be a villain
And reject the happiness others enjoy.
The Tempest
Caliban is a native inhabitant of the island in Shakespeare’s play The Tempest. Caliban is often portrayed as having physical deformities. Although the exact nature of his appearance is not explicitly described in the text, he is described by other characters as a “savage” and “monstrous.”
Passage from The Tempest (adapted for children)
Act 1, Scene 2
You used to take care of me,
You even gave me water with berries in it,
And taught me about the big light in the sky,
And the smaller ones that shine day and night.
I loved you for that and showed you everything
About the island—where to find fresh water,
Salt pans, barren places and fertile.
Caliban is speaking to Prospero, the exiled Duke of Milan, whom Caliban initially viewed as a benevolent figure until Prospero enslaved him and mistreated him.
Act 3, Scene 2
Don’t be afraid; the island is full of sounds,
Beautiful melodies that bring joy and don’t harm.
Sometimes I hear a thousand musical instruments
Playing softly around me; and sometimes voices
That, if I were to wake up from a long sleep,
Would lull me back to sleep again. Τhen, in my dreams,
I imagine the clouds opening up to reveal treasures
Ready to fall upon me.
Caliban is speaking to Stephano and Trinculo, two shipwrecked sailors who have arrived on the island. Caliban is reassuring them and describing the enchanting sounds of the island.
Finding Strength in Our Differences
In Shakespeare’s works, we encounter characters like Richard III and Caliban, who face challenges due to their physical differences. Despite their struggles, they display resilience and inner strength. Richard, with his hunched back and withered arm, reminds us that true worth lies not in outward appearances but in the kindness and courage within. Likewise, Caliban, though often misunderstood because of his deformities, finds beauty and wonder in the world around him, teaching us the importance of seeing beyond superficial judgments.
Their stories inspire us to embrace diversity and celebrate the unique strengths and abilities of every individual, recognizing that disability does not define a person’s worth or potential. Instead, it is their spirit, resilience, and capacity for empathy that truly make them extraordinary.
Quiz
1. Who is Caliban speaking to in The Tempest?
a. King Lear
b. Prospero
c. Romeo
d. Julius Caesar
2. In the passage, what physical deformities is Richard III known for having?
a. A hunched back and a withered arm
b. Long hair and big feet
c. Green eyes and a scar
d. None of the above
3. In the passage from Richard III, what does Richard feel he lacks confidence to do?
a. Play games
b. Look in mirrors
c. Show off in front of someone he admires
d. None of the above
4. In what scene of Richard III does Richard reflect on his physical appearance and self-esteem?
a. Act 1, Scene 1
b. Act 1, Scene 2
c. Act 2, Scene 1
d. Act 3, Scene 3
5. Who is the protagonist of the play Richard III?
a. King Henry
b. Richard III
c. Macbeth
d. Hamlet
6. How is Caliban described by other characters in The Tempest?
a. Savage and monstrous
b. Kind and gentle
c. Brave and heroic
d. None of the above
7. In Act 1, Scene 2 of The Tempest, what did Prospero teach Caliban about?
a. Trees
b. The stars
c. The ocean
d. Numbers
8. What island is Caliban a native of?
a. Hawaii
b. Jamaica
c. Cuba
d. The island in The Tempest
9. Who mistreated Caliban in The Tempest?
a. Ariel
b. Ferdinand
c. Prospero
d. Ophelia
10. In Act 3, Scene 2 of The Tempest, Caliban describes the island as full of what?
a. Silence
b. Sounds
c. Animals
d. Lights
11. How does Caliban describe the voices he hears in Act 3, Scene 2?
a. Harsh and loud
b. Soft and enchanting
c. Mysterious and haunting
d. None of the above
12. What does Caliban imagine in his dreams in Act 3, Scene 2 of The Tempest?
a. Dancing monkeys
b. Falling treasures
c. Rainbows
d. Fireworks
13. What does Caliban show Prospero in The Tempest?
a. How to fish
b. The island
c. A secret cave
d. A magical spell
14. In The Tempest, who arrives on the island and encounters Caliban?
a. Two shipwrecked sailors
b. A group of fairies
c. A band of pirates
d. A lost prince
15. What musical instruments does Caliban hear in Act 3, Scene 2 of The Tempest?
a. Guitars and drums
b. Cellos and flutes
c. A thousand musical instruments
d. None of the above
16. What does Caliban say the island’s melodies bring in The Tempest?
a. Fear and harm
b. Joy and no harm
c. Sadness and loss
d. Excitement and adventure
17. Who is Richard speaking to in Act 1, Scene 1 of Richard III?
a. Queen Elizabeth
b. Lady Anne
c. His brother Clarence
d. Himself
18. What does Caliban think about the clouds in The Tempest?
a. They bring storms
b. They reveal treasures
c. They hide the sun
d. They are boring
19. In the passage from The Tempest, what does Caliban love about Prospero initially?
a. Teaching him about the island
b. Enslaving him
c. Mistreating him
d. Giving him water and care
20. Why does Richard choose to be a villain in Richard III?
a. Because he wants to be popular
b. Because he is happy
c. Because he cannot be popular
d. None of the above
The fly, the dragonfly and the butterfly are afraid of the spider.
Η μύγα, η λιβελούλα και η πεταλούδα φοβούνται την αράχνη.
A friendly salamander will save them.
Μια φιλική σαλαμάνδρα θα τις σώσει.
Thanks, salamander!
Ευχαριστώ, σαλαμάνδρα!
The flowers are smiling at the sun.
Τα λουλούδια χαμογελούν στον ήλιο.
The fly, the dragonfly and the butterfly are smiling at the salamander.
Η μύγα, η λιβελούλα και η πεταλούδα χαμογελούν στη σαλαμάνδρα.
Thanks, salamander!
Ευχαριστώ, σαλαμάνδρα!
Thanks, Amanda!
Ευχαριστώ, Αμάντα!
Thanks, Alexander!
Ευχαριστώ, Αλέξανδρε!
What is the firefly doing now?
The firefly is glowing in the dark!
Τι κάνει η πυγολαμπίδα τώρα;
Η πυγολαμπίδα λάμπει στο σκοτάδι!
Ο παρακάτω διάλογος δημιουργήθηκε με Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη και βασίστηκε στο κείμενο από τη σελ. 58 του Βιβλίου Μαθητή της Δ′ τάξης.
Emmanuel: Hey, Sophia, did you hear about Betty’s dream? It’s wild!
Sophia: Oh, what happened in Betty’s dream?
Emmanuel: She was telling me about it earlier. She said she dreamt she was living in Neverland, Peter Pan’s island!
Sophia: Whoa, that sounds awesome! What was she doing there?
Emmanuel: Apparently, she woke up every morning at 10 o’clock, and get this, she never had to go to school or do any homework!
Sophia: Lucky her! That sounds like the ultimate dream life.
Emmanuel: Totally! And get this, every morning she flew over Captain Hook’s ship with Peter Pan and Tinker Bell. How cool is that?
Sophia: Flying? That’s so cool! Betty must’ve been having the time of her life.
Emmanuel: Oh, it gets better. She said she spent a lot of time with the Lost Boys, playing games and exploring the island.
Sophia: Sounds like so much fun! What kind of games did they play?
Emmanuel: Betty mentioned they played this game called cake war. It sounds messy but super fun!
Sophia: Cake war? That sounds like a delicious mess!
Emmanuel: Haha, definitely! And you know what else? They’d stay out super late, exploring and having adventures. Betty said they’d come back to their cave way past bedtime.
Sophia: Late-night adventures are always exciting! But wait, did Betty say if she brushed her teeth before bed?
Emmanuel: Hmm, I don’t think she mentioned that part. Knowing Betty, though, she probably didn’t bother with it in her dream.
Sophia: Well, she should remember to take care of her teeth, even in dreamland!
Emmanuel: Agreed! I’ll remind her about that next time she tells us about her dreams.
Ένα παιχνίδι: Το κυνήγι θησαυρού
από τη σελ. 101 του Βιβλίου Μαθητή της Δ′ τάξης
σε διαφορετική διατύπωση.
Divide the class into two teams to play this game.
Select one student from each team to leave the classroom
while their team hides a “treasure” (like a pen or a notebook)
somewhere in the classroom.
When the student returns, blindfold them (ενν. αυτόν ή αυτήν)
and inform them of what the treasure is.
Then, give them directions on how to find it using phrases like:
⬅️“Turn left”
➡️“Turn right”
⬆️“Go straight ahead”
To signal the blindfolded student to stop, use the phrase “Red light.”
To instruct them to keep moving, say “Green light.”
Your teacher will time each team as they guide their blindfolded teammate.
The team that finds the treasure the fastest wins!
However, there’s a catch—you mustn’t speak Greek during the game.
If you do, your team loses!
Ellie and Charlie were friends in the jungle.
Η Έλλη και ο Τσάρλι ήταν φίλοι στη ζούγκλα.
They argued over mangoes and started fighting.
Διαφώνησαν έντονα για τα μάνγκο κι άρχισαν να τσακώνονται.
Olivia told them fighting isn’t good.
Η Ολίβια τους είπε ότι δεν είναι καλό να τσακώνονται.
They apologized, shared the mangoes, and stayed friends.
Ζήτησαν συγγνώμη, μοιράστηκαν τα μάνγκο κι έμειναν φίλοι.
elephant ελέφαντας
chimp χιμπαντζής
owl κουκουβάγια
Κάνουμε κλικ πάνω στη λέξη rough για να ακούσουμε πώς προφέρεται.
► Η μαθήτριά μου Μαργαρίτα (Ε’ τάξη) μου ζήτησε μερικά παραδείγματα:
This sandpaper is extra rough, so you can work faster.
(abrasive) Αυτό το γυαλόχαρτο είναι ιδιαίτερα τραχύ, ώστε να μπορείς να δουλέψεις γρηγορότερα.
The surface of this concrete is rough.
(uneven) Η επιφάνεια αυτού του τσιμέντου είναι ανώμαλη.
Border Terriers have quite rough coats.
(shaggy) Τα μπόρντερ τεριέ έχουν αρκετά πλούσιο και άγριο τρίχωμα.
The rough weather makes life difficult in Antarctica.
Οι άσχημες καιρικές συνθήκες κάνουν δύσκολη τη ζωή στην Ανταρκτική.
I’ve had enough of your rough behaviour!
Αρκετά ανέχθηκα την ανάγωγη συμπεριφορά σου!
Many people like the rough experience that they get camping.
(lacking luxuries) Σε πολλούς ανθρώπους αρέσει η χωρίς πολυτέλειες, χωρίς ιδιαίτερες ανέσεις, εμπειρία που έχουν όταν κατασκηνώνουν.
His rough manners were frowned upon.
(rude) αγενείς τρόποι, απότομοι, άξεστοι, άκομψοι
Οι άξεστοι τρόποι του αποδοκιμάστηκαν.
Let me take a rough guess at the cost.
Ας κάνω μια πρόχειρη/χονδρική εκτίμηση για το κόστος.
She’s going through a pretty rough spot at the moment.
Περνά μία αρκετά δύσκολη φάση αυτή τη στιγμή.
The sea was so rough, many passengers were sick during the crossing.
Η θάλασσα ήταν τόσο αγριεμένη, φουρτουνιασμένη, που πολλοί επιβάτες έπαθαν ναυτία στη διάρκεια του ταξιδιού.
He hadn’t shaved for a week and his face was rough.
(bristly) Είχε να ξυριστεί μια βδομάδα και το πρόσωπό του ήταν τραχύ, άγριο στο άγγιγμα.
rough around the edges
This guy’s a little rough around the edges, but after training he should be great.
Αυτός ο τύπος έχει μερικά προβληματάκια/ελαττώματα, αλλά μετά την εκπαίδευση/προπόνηση θα πρέπει (λογικά) να είναι μια χαρά.
diamond in the rough (US)
rough diamond (UK)
(somebody unrefined but special)
ακατέργαστο διαμάντι, άξεστος αλλά αγαθός άνθρωπος, καλός τελικά
He has a lot to learn, but he is a diamond in the rough. He will be great.
Έχει πολλά να μάθει, αλλά είναι «ακατέργαστο διαμάντι». Θα τα πάει τέλεια.
George is a rough diamond from a working-class background who has made it to the top of his profession.
Ο Τζορτζ είναι ένα «ακατέργαστο διαμάντι» με καταγωγή από την εργατική τάξη, που έχει καταφέρει να φτάσει στην κορυφή του επαγγέλματός του.
Το παρακάτω κείμενο και ερωτηματολόγιο δημιουργήθηκαν με Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη και είναι βασισμένα στην άσκηση της σελ. 80 του Βιβλίου Μαθητή της Δ′ τάξης.
Once upon a time, there was a Greek brown bear that lived in the mountains. This bear was in danger of being all alone in the world. Why? Well, here’s the twist—this bear loved fish but also enjoyed snacking on little ants, grass, and tiny animals! Now, the funny part is, this bear, that could grow as long as two metres and as heavy as two hundred and fifty kilos, had a secret. Are you ready for it? Every now and then, this big bear would become a proud parent to one or two baby cubs! And get this—these little cubs couldn’t see a thing when they were born and were as light as two or three hundred grams! Can you believe it?
Today, there are only a few of these bears left in Greece, about one hundred and eighty. Let’s hope they keep surprising us with more adorable cubs!
Quiz
1. Why was the Greek brown bear in danger of being all alone in the world?
a. It didn’t like fish
b. It enjoyed snacking on ants, grass, and tiny animals
c. It was too small
d. It lived in the mountains
2. What weight could the Greek brown bear grow up to?
a. 100 kilos
b. 250 kilos
c. 300 kilos
d. 500 kilos
3. What secret did the Greek brown bear have?
a. It could fly
b. It loved to swim
c. It was a proud parent to baby cubs
d. It could speak
4. How many baby cubs could the Greek brown bear become a parent to?
a. None
b. One or two
c. Five
d. Ten
5. What colour was the Greek bear?
a. White
b. Brown
c. Black
d. Yellow
6. How much did the baby cubs weigh when they were born?
a. 100 grams
b. 200 grams
c. 300 grams
d. 400 grams
7. What was the Greek brown bear’s favourite snack?
a. Fish
b. Berries
c. Leaves
d. Nuts
8. How many Greek brown bears are left in Greece currently?
a. 50
b. 100
c. 180
d. 250
9. What did the Greek brown bear like snacking on besides fish?
a. Berries
b. Little ants, grass, and tiny animals
c. Honey
d. Eggs
10. What surprised people about the Greek brown bear and its cubs?
a. Cubs were born with full eyesight
b. Few bear cubs were born at a time
c. Cubs could walk as soon as they were born
d. Bears did not have cubs
Meet Sammy, the friendly monster who lived in a cave (σπηλιά).
Sammy loved to play games, but no-one wanted to be his friend because he looked scary (τρομακτικός).
He met a rabbit, a squirrel, and a bird, but they all ran away in fear.
Sammy met a butterfly, Sally.
She wasn’t afraid of Sammy.
They became friends!
Τα Μπαμπούγερα είναι ένα παραδοσιακό δρώμενο που παρουσιάζεται στους δρόμους και την κεντρική πλατεία του Βαμβακόφυτου Σερρών, με το οποίο αλληλογραφούμε. Λάβαμε σήμερα τις υπέροχες ζωγραφιές των παιδιών!
Η λέξη είναι σύνθετη: μπάμπω (γιαγιά) και γέρος.
Νωρίς το πρωί της Κυριακής της Αποκριάς, οι μπαμπούγεροι συγκεντρώνονται σε ένα παλιό σπίτι ή σε μια αποθήκη και μεταμφιέζονται όλοι μαζί. Όταν ετοιμαστούν, αρχικά βγαίνουν οι ταπουζάρηδες, τα κυρίαρχα πρόσωπα του εθίμου, φορώντας ζωόμορφες μάσκες με κέρατα και καλυμμένοι με δέρματα αιγοπροβάτων. Στη μέση τους έχουν κρεμάσει μεγάλα κουδούνια, για να ξυπνήσουν με τον ήχο τους τη φύση από τον χειμωνιάτικο λήθαργο. Στα χέρια τους κρατούν το ταπούς (τόπι). Χτυπώντας με δύναμη το ταπούς στο έδαφος —και ιδιαίτερα σε στάσιμα νερά— προκαλούν δέος. Με ένα σακίδιο στάχτης πασπαλίζουν τον κόσμο για να ξορκίσουν το κακό.
Οι ταπουζάρηδες προστατεύουν τα μπαμπούγερα και προφυλάσσουν τη νύφη μην τυχόν την κλέψει κάποιος επίδοξος απαγωγέας από τους θεατές.
Έτσι, λοιπόν, είχαμε και έχουμε πάλι: Τον παππού και τη μπάμπω, το γαμπρό και τη νύφη, αλλά και τους υπόλοιπους, που είναι μεταφιεσμένοι με ρούχα μιας άλλης εποχής. Φιγούρες από τα παλιά, όπως ο φωτογράφος, ο αρκουδιάρης, ο αστυνομικός, ο δάσκαλος, ο γιατρός, η νοσοκόμα, ο αυγουλάς, ο γανωτής κλπ. Σατιρίζουν επαγγέλματα, άτομα και καταστάσεις που είχαν κάποτε σχέση με την καθημερινή ζωή.
Η πομπή κατηφορίζει τα δρομάκια του χωριού υπό τους εκκωφαντικούς ήχους των κουδουνιών και των ζουρνάδων, τις φωνές των καρναβαλιστών και τα πειράγματα των ταπουζάρηδων στο συγκεντρωμένο πλήθος. Στην πλατεία, όπου και στήνεται μεγάλο γλέντι γύρω από ένα αυτοσχέδιο τσαντίρι, οι μπαμπούγεροι αποκαλύπτουν τα πρόσωπά τους για να ξαποστάσουν. Αποχωρούν αποκαμωμένοι. Θα τηγανίσουν τα αυγά που συγκέντρωσαν και θα ξεγελάσουν την πείνα τους καταβροχθίζοντας μια μεγαλοπρεπή ομελέτα!
To έθιμο αναβίωσε στη δεκαετία του 1980, με πρωτοβουλία του Μορφωτικού Λαογραφικού Ομίλου Βαμβακοφύτου (ΜΟΛΟΒ). https://molov1982.com/
Μάσκες του Συλλόγου εκτίθενται στο Λαογραφικό Μουσείο του Γεωργίου Μελίκη. Στεγάζεται στο παλιό δημοτικό σχολείο, κτίσμα του 1931, που ανακαινίστηκε από την Ιερά Μητρόπολη Σιδηροκάστρου.